Ukurikije ibyiciro, ibyuma bya infragre birashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma bifata ubushyuhe hamwe na sensor ya fotone.

Rukuruzi

Ubushyuhe bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe bukoresha ibintu byerekana kugirango bikuremo imirasire ya infragre kugirango bitange ubushyuhe, hanyuma biherekejwe nimpinduka mubintu bimwe na bimwe bifatika. Gupima impinduka muri iyi miterere yumubiri irashobora gupima imbaraga cyangwa imbaraga ikuramo. Inzira yihariye niyi ikurikira: Intambwe yambere ni ugukuramo imirasire ya infragre na deteri yumuriro kugirango ubushyuhe bwiyongere; intambwe ya kabiri ni ugukoresha ingaruka zubushyuhe bwa disiketi yubushyuhe kugirango ihindure ubushyuhe buhinduke mumashanyarazi. Hariho ubwoko bune bwumutungo wumubiri uhinduka ukunze gukoreshwa: ubwoko bwa thermistor, ubwoko bwa thermocouple, ubwoko bwa pyroelectric, nubwoko bwa pneumatike ya Gaolai.

# Ubwoko bwa Thermistor

Nyuma yubushyuhe bwibikoresho bikurura imirasire ya infragre, ubushyuhe burazamuka kandi agaciro kokurwanya karahinduka. Ubunini bwimpinduka zo guhangana nuburinganire ningufu zimirasire yimirasire. Imashini zidafite imbaraga zakozwe muguhindura imyigaragambyo nyuma yikintu gikurura imirasire ya infragre bita thermistors. Thermistors ikoreshwa mugupima imirasire yumuriro. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa thermistors: ibyuma na semiconductor.

R (T) = KURI - CeD / T.

R (T): agaciro ko guhangana; T: ubushyuhe; A, C, D: ihinduka ritandukanye nibikoresho.

Thermistor yicyuma ifite coeffisiyoneri yubushyuhe bwiza, kandi agaciro kayo ni ntoya kuruta iy'igice cya kabiri. Isano iri hagati yo guhangana nubushyuhe ni umurongo, kandi ifite imbaraga zo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ikoreshwa cyane mugupima ubushyuhe bwo kwigana;

Amashanyarazi ya Semiconductor aratandukanye gusa, akoreshwa mugutahura imirasire, nko gutabaza, sisitemu zo gukingira umuriro, hamwe no gushakisha imishwarara yumuriro no gukurikirana.

# Ubwoko bwa Thermocouple

Thermocouple, nanone yitwa thermocouple, nigikoresho cyambere cyo gutahura thermoelectric, kandi ihame ryakazi ni ingaruka za pyroelectric. Ihuriro rigizwe nibikoresho bibiri bitandukanye byuyobora birashobora kubyara ingufu za electronique. Iherezo rya thermocouple yakira imirasire yitwa impera ishyushye, naho ubundi impera yitwa imbeho ikonje. Ingaruka yitwa thermoelectric effect, ni ukuvuga, niba ibi bikoresho byombi bitandukanye byumuyoboro bihujwe mukizunguruka, mugihe ubushyuhe bwibice byombi butandukanye, amashanyarazi azabyara mumuzinga.

Kugirango tunonosore coeffisente yo kwinjiza, fayili yumukara yirabura ishyirwa kumpera ishyushye kugirango ibe ibikoresho bya thermocouple, bishobora kuba ibyuma cyangwa semiconductor. Imiterere irashobora kuba umurongo cyangwa ikintu kimeze nk'igipande, cyangwa firime yoroheje yakozwe na tekinoroji ya vacuum cyangwa tekinoroji ya Photolithography. Ubwoko bwa thermocouples bukoreshwa cyane mugupima ubushyuhe, kandi ubwoko bwa firime yoroheje (bugizwe na thermocouples nyinshi murukurikirane) zikoreshwa cyane mugupima imirasire.

Igihe gihoraho cyubwoko bwa thermocouple infrared detector ni nini cyane, igihe rero cyo gusubiza ni kirekire, kandi ibiranga imbaraga birakennye. Inshuro yimirasire ihinduka kuruhande rwamajyaruguru igomba kuba munsi ya 10HZ. Mubikorwa bifatika, thermocouples nyinshi ihujwe murukurikirane kugirango ikore thermopile kugirango imenye ubukana bwimirasire yimirasire.

# Ubwoko bwa Pyroelectric

Disikete ya pyroelectric ikozwe muri kirisiti ya pyroelectric cyangwa "ferroelectrics" hamwe na polarisiyasi. Kirisitu ya pyroelectric ni ubwoko bwa piezoelectric kristal, ifite imiterere itari centrosymmetric. Muri kamere karemano, ibigo byishyuza ibyiza nibibi ntabwo bihurira mubyerekezo runaka, kandi umubare munini wamafaranga ya polarisiyasi yakozwe hejuru yubutaka bwa kirisiti, ibyo bita polarisiyonike. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa kristu buhindutse, burashobora gutuma hagati yikintu cyiza kandi kibi cya kirisiti ihinduka, bityo polarisiyasi yubuso ihinduka hejuru. Mubisanzwe ubuso bwacyo bufata ibireremba hejuru yikirere kandi bikagumana imiterere yumuriro w'amashanyarazi. Iyo ubuso bwa ferroelectric buri muburinganire bwamashanyarazi, mugihe imirasire yimirasire irabagirana hejuru yacyo, ubushyuhe bwa ferroelektrike (urupapuro) buzamuka vuba, ubukana bwa polarisiyasi bugabanuka vuba, kandi umupaka ugabanuka ukagabanuka cyane; mugihe amafaranga areremba hejuru ahinduka buhoro. Nta gihinduka mumubiri wa ferroelectric imbere.

Mugihe gito cyane uhereye kumihindagurikire yubushyuhe bwa polarisiyasi iterwa nihinduka ryubushyuhe kuri leta iringaniza amashanyarazi hejuru yubutaka, hejuru yikirenga kireremba hejuru yubuso bwa ferroelektrike, bihwanye no kurekura igice cyamafaranga. Iyi phenomenon yitwa ingaruka ya pyroelectric. Kubera ko bisaba igihe kirekire kugirango amafaranga yubusa agabanye kwishyuza imipaka hejuru, bifata amasegonda arenga make, kandi igihe cyo kuruhuka cya polarisiyonike ya polarisiyonike ya kirisiti ni ngufi cyane, amasegonda 10-12, bityo rero pyroelectric kristal irashobora gusubiza ihinduka ryubushyuhe bwihuse.

# Ubwoko bwa pneumatike ya Gaolai

Iyo gaze ikurura imirasire ya infragre mu rwego rwo gukomeza ingano runaka, ubushyuhe buziyongera kandi umuvuduko wiyongere. Ubunini bwiyongera bwumuvuduko buringaniye nimbaraga zimirasire yimirasire yakiriwe, bityo imbaraga zimirasire yumuriro zishobora gupimwa. Ibyuma bitagira ingano byakozwe n'amahame yavuzwe haruguru byitwa gaze ya gaze, naho umuyoboro wa Gao Lai ni moteri isanzwe.

Rukuruzi

Disikete ya Photon infrared ikoresha ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya semiconductor kugirango itange ingaruka zamafoto yumuriro munsi yimirasire yimirasire yimirasire kugirango ihindure imashanyarazi yibikoresho. Mugupima impinduka mumiterere yamashanyarazi, ubukana bwimirasire yimirasire irashobora kugenwa. Imashini zitagira infrarafarike zakozwe ningaruka zamafoto yiswe hamwe zitwa Photon detector. Ibyingenzi byingenzi ni sensibilité yo hejuru, umuvuduko wo gusubiza byihuse hamwe nigisubizo kinini. Ariko muri rusange ikeneye gukora ku bushyuhe buke, kandi umurongo wo gutahura ni muto.

Ukurikije ihame ryakazi rya deteri ya fotone, irashobora kugabanywamo mo fotodetekeri yo hanze hamwe na fotodeteri y'imbere. Imashini zifotora imbere zigabanyijemo ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi, ibyuma bifotora hamwe na moteri ya Photomagnetoelectric.

# Photodetector yo hanze (igikoresho cya PE)

Iyo urumuri rwabaye hejuru yicyuma runaka, okiside yicyuma cyangwa semiconductor, niba ingufu za fotone ari nini bihagije, ubuso bushobora gusohora electron. Iki kintu gikunze kuvugwa nko gusohora amafoto ya elegitoroniki, ibyo bikaba ari ingaruka zifoto yo hanze. Phototubes na Photomultiplier tubes ni ubu bwoko bwa deteter ya Photon. Umuvuduko wo gusubiza urihuta, kandi mugihe kimwe, ibicuruzwa bya Photomultiplier tube bifite inyungu nyinshi cyane, zishobora gukoreshwa mugupima fotone imwe, ariko uburebure bwumuraba buragufi, kandi birebire ni 1700nm gusa.

# Detector

Iyo igice cya semiconductor gikurura fotone yibyabaye, electron zimwe na zimwe hamwe nu mwobo muri semiconductor zihinduka ziva muri reta idatwara ibintu ikajya mubuntu bwigenga bushobora gutwara amashanyarazi, bityo bikongerera ubushobozi bwa semiconductor. Iyi phenomenon yitwa ingaruka ya Photoconductivity. Imashini zidafite imbaraga zakozwe ningaruka zifotora za semiconductor zitwa Photoconductive detector. Kugeza ubu, ni ubwoko bukoreshwa cyane bwa deteri ya Photon.

# Ifoto ya Photovoltaque (igikoresho cya PU)

Iyo imirasire yimirasire irabagirana kumurongo wa PN wibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya semiconductor, munsi yumurimo wumuriro wamashanyarazi mumasangano ya PN, electroni yubusa mukarere ka P yimukira mukarere ka N, naho ibyobo byo mukarere ka N bikimukira kuri Agace. Niba ihuriro rya PN rifunguye, hiyongereyeho ingufu z'amashanyarazi ku mpande zombi z'isangano rya PN bita ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ibyuma bikozwe mugukoresha ifoto yingufu za electromotive byitwa Photvoltaic detector cyangwa junction infrared detector.

# Icyuma gikoresha magnetoelectric

Umwanya wa magneti ukoreshwa kuruhande rwicyitegererezo. Iyo igice cya semiconductor gikurura fotone, electron nu mwobo byakozwe bikwirakwizwa mumubiri. Mugihe cyo gukwirakwiza, electron nu mwobo birasubizwa kumpera zombi zicyitegererezo kubera ingaruka zumurima wa magneti. Hariho itandukaniro rishobora kuba hagati yimpande zombi. Iyi phenomenon yitwa ingaruka ya opto-magnetoelectric. Ibyuma bikozwe mu mafoto-magnetoelectric byitwa ifoto-magneto-amashanyarazi (byitwa ibikoresho bya PEM).